Ancient Rome is one of the most influential civilizations in history, spanning from its mythical founding in 753 BCE to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. It experienced three distinct periods: the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.

How Did Ancient Rome Start?

According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf. Romulus eventually killed Remus and became the first king of Rome, establishing the city on the Palatine Hill in 753 BCE.

Ancient Rome History: Roman Kingdom (753-509 BCE)

The Roman Kingdom was the earliest period of Roman history, characterized by a monarchical form of government. During this time, Rome expanded its territories and established the foundations of its future greatness.

Roman Kings

Rome had seven legendary kings who played crucial roles in its early development. These kings included Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. Each king contributed to Rome's political, religious, and social structures.

Ancient Rome History: Roman Republic (509-27 BCE)

The Roman Republic was established after the overthrow of the last Roman king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, in 509 BCE. This period was marked by the development of a complex republican government, expansion through military conquest, and significant internal conflicts.

The Downfall of the Republic

The Roman Republic faced numerous challenges, including social strife, political corruption, and military upheavals. The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE marked a turning point, leading to the end of the Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Ancient Rome History: Roman Empire (27 BCE - 476 CE)

The Roman Empire began with the rise of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, in 27 BCE. This period saw the expansion of Roman territories, significant cultural achievements, and eventual decline.

Which Countries Were in the Roman Empire?

The Roman Empire at its height encompassed vast territories across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Some of the modern countries that were part of the Roman Empire include Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, and Britain.

How Did the Roman Empire End?

The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE is often attributed to a combination of internal decay and external pressures from barbarian invasions. The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, continued until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 CE.

What Was Life Like in Ancient Rome?

Life in ancient Rome varied greatly depending on one's social status. The wealthy enjoyed luxurious homes, lavish banquets, and political influence, while the poor lived in crowded insulae (apartment buildings) and worked hard to survive. Public baths, gladiatorial games, and chariot races were popular pastimes for all Romans.

Fun Facts About Ancient Rome

• The Roman Empire's extensive network of roads covered over 250,000 miles.
• Romans used a form of concrete that allowed many of their structures to survive for millennia.
• Ancient Rome had a complex legal system, some of which influences modern legal codes today.
• The Roman calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar, was the precursor to the modern Gregorian calendar.
• Romans enjoyed a variety of foods, including dormice, a delicacy served at banquets.